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In the Book of Ezekiel, New Jerusalem (, ''Jehovah-shammah'',〔Ezekiel 48:35〕 or "() YHWH () there") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, the Third Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, that will be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, and of the world's nations, during the Messianic era.〔Isaiah 56, 7〕〔Ezekiel 45, 6〕〔Zechariah 14, 17-19〕 The prophecy is recorded by Ezekiel as having been received on Yom Kippur of the year 3372 of the Hebrew calendar.〔Rashi, Vilna Gaon and Malbim to Ezekiel Chap. 40〕 In the New Testament it is also titled Heavenly Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation as well as Zion in other books of the Christian Bible. In Christian eschatology it is a city that will be established to the south〔70.4km to the south, based on the Malbims commentary to the book of Ezekiel〕 of the Temple Mount and will be inhabited by the twelve tribes of Israel〔Ezekiel 45:6〕 after the Messianic era when Christ reigns over the saints (Revelation 20-21). ==Judaism and origin== The Babylonian threat to the Kingdom of Judah began as the Babylonian Empire conquered Assyria and rose to power from 612-609 BCE. Jerusalem surrendered without major bloodshed to Babylon in 597. An Israelite uprising brought the destruction of Nebuchadnezzar’s army upon Jerusalem in 586 BCE. The entire city, including the First Temple, was burned. Israelite aristocrats were taken captive to Babylon. The Book of Ezekiel contains the first record of the New Jerusalem. Within Ezekiel 40-48, () there is an extended and detailed description of the measurements of the Temple, its chambers, porticos, and walls. Chapter 48:30-35 contains a list of twelve Temple gates named for Israel’s tribes. () The book of Zechariah〔2:4-5〕 expands upon Ezekiel’s New Jerusalem. After the Second Temple was built after the exile, Jerusalem’s population was only a few hundred. There were no defensive city walls until 445 BCE.〔(The rebuilding of the walls under Nehemiah is covered in the Book of Nehemiah)〕 In the passage, the author writes about a city wall of fire to protect the enormous population. This text demonstrates the beginning of a progression of New Jerusalem thought. In Ezekiel, the focus is primarily on the human act of Temple construction. In Zechariah, the focus shifts to God’s intercession in the founding of New Jerusalem. New Jerusalem is further extrapolated in Isaiah,〔54:11-14〕 where New Jerusalem is adorned with precious sapphires, jewels, and rubies. The city is described as a place free from terror and full of righteousness. Here, Isaiah provides an example of Jewish apocalypticism, where a hope for a perfected Jerusalem and freedom from oppression is revealed. As the original New Jerusalem composition, Ezekiel functioned as a source for later works such as 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, Qumran documents, and the Book of Revelation. These texts used similar measurement language and expanded on the limited eschatological perspective in Ezekiel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Jerusalem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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